基底细胞痣综合征中国一家系致病相关基因连锁及突变分析

目的 揭示基底细胞痣综合征中国一个家系发病的分子遗传基础，为家系中的年轻患者实行早期监测和治疗。方法 首先选择家系中先证者和其患病母亲及家系中一名健康人，提取外周血DNA，聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增PTCH基因编码氨基酸的23个外显子，对扩增产物进行DNA测序后；采用位于9q22．3-q31区的3个微卫星DNA标记对该家系行遗传连锁分析。结果 先证者患病母亲PTCH基因未发现突变；先证者（V4）14号外显子发生同义突变；连锁分析显示，在位点D9S283、D9S1690和D9S1677，Lod值＜-2（θ=0．00）。结论 排除了PTCH基因作为基底细胞痣综合征该家系致病基因的可能。     

犬骨髓基质干细胞复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石皮下成骨的实验研究

目的：犬自体皮下非受力部位植入犬骨髓基质干细胞（bone marrow stromal cells，BMSCs）复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石（coralline hydroxyapatite，CHA），观察成骨情况及其转归。方法：体外分离培养、成骨诱导、扩增犬BMSCs，并通过细胞化学、免疫细胞化学检测成骨表型。将第2代细胞接种于CHA上，形成细胞一材料复合物，植于9只犬右侧腹部皮下，并在对称部位植入CHA作为对照。术后4、12、26周取材，HE染色，观察新生组织结构；通过形态计量学分析，对成骨情况量化，并行t检验。结果：成骨诱导后，细胞碱性磷酸酶染色阳性，免疫细胞化学显示骨钙蛋白表达阳性。HE染色示植入4周后，无明显骨形成；12周后，实验组有较多新生骨小梁形成，苦味酸-硫堇和Masson染色示骨基质和胶原形成良好；26周后，实验组骨小梁量有减少趋势。图像分析显示，实验组12周成骨量最高，差异有统计学意义。结论：犬BMSCs诱导后具有成骨活性，复合CHA后，可促进形成组织工程化骨。在无应力刺激情况下，随时间延长．局部成骨活动减弱。     

树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂粘接正畸托槽的临床评价

目的评价树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂粘接正畸托槽的临床使用效果.方法随机选择30名患者,采用自身对照的方法,进行为期18个月的临床研究.231个托槽用树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂(resin modified glass ionomer cement,RMGIC)粘接,234个托槽用复合树脂粘接剂(composite resin,CR)粘接.观察脱落托槽所在的牙位、时间和脱落后粘接剂在牙面上的残留量.计算托槽脱落率和粘接材料残留指数.结果树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂粘接的托槽脱落率为23.4%;复合树脂粘接剂粘接的托槽脱落率为9.4%,两者差异有极显著的统计学意义(P＜0.001).不论使用玻璃离子粘固剂还是复合树脂粘接剂粘接托槽,第二前磨牙都是最容易出现托槽脱落的牙位.两种材料粘接的托槽脱落后,牙釉质上的粘接材料残留指数差异没有显著性的统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论与复合树脂粘接剂相比,树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂的粘接强度尚不能满足正畸治疗的需要.     

Identification of a C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars-part II: the effect of bone image superimposition and intraradicular contrast medium on radiograph interpretation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of image superimposition from surrounding alveolar bone and intraradicular contrast medium on radiographic interpretation of a C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars. Thirty mandibular second molars with fused roots were collected and stored in 10% formalin solution. After being scanned by microcomputed tomography and reconstructed, the buccal-lingual radiographs of each tooth were taken with or without intraradicular contrast medium and mandibular bony plates. The number of mesial and distal canals in the coronal-to-middle canal portion and the canal number in the apical 4-mm area were recorded. The buccal-lingual and three-dimensional view of reconstructed canal images were used to evaluate the accuracy of radiograph reading. The results were subjected to the Friedman and chi-square test. The results showed that without intraradicular contrast medium, the bone superimposition could decrease the accuracy of canal recognition significantly (p < 0.001), especially in the apical area. When contrast medium was in canals, the canal reading seemed not to be affected by the bone superimposition (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, the intraradicular contrast medium could increase the accuracy of canal recognition of a C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars despite the bone image superimposition, especially in the detection of continuous C-shaped canals and the canals in the apical area.     

切牙先天缺失患者颅颌面形态分析

目的 了解福建地区切牙先天缺失患者的颅颌面形态特征,探讨切牙先天缺失对颌面部生长发育的影响.方法 将78例切牙先天缺失患者分为3组:L1组,先天缺失1颗下切牙;L2组,先天缺失2颗下切牙;U2组,先天缺失2颗上颌侧切牙;12例个别正常牙合作为对照组.对受试者头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析.结果 与对照组比较,L1组ANB增大(P＜0.05),其余指标无明显差异;L2组ANB、SNA、UL-EL增大,N-S-Ar减小(P＜0.05);U2组H角、L1-NB、MP-SN、N-ANS、NA-PA、N-Me、N-S-Ar减小,SNB增大,U1-L1增大(P＜0.05).结论 下颌切牙先天缺失患者上颌骨相对前突,上颌侧切牙先天缺失患者下颌前突,呈Ⅲ类骨型趋向.上、下切牙缺失对颅颌面结构具有不同的影响.     

Heterotrophic ossification on a skin graft in a postburn scar of the chin

Some patients who have heterotrophic ossification (HO) in a postburn scar are occasionally seen in the clinic. The occurrence of HO following hip and abdominal surgery is common in males, whereas females are frequently affected following burns. The HO of skin grafts in burn scars of the superior body parts is uncommon, especially on the face. We report a recent case of a male patient in whom HO arose on skin grafts on his chin. The patient presented with a history of a painless chin mass for 48 years. Computed tomography scan suggested that the mass was located within subcutaneous tissue away from the lower jaw. The density of the mass was almost the same as the cortical bone of the lower jaw. The mass was completely resected under general anesthesia. It was a rectangular mass of 3× 0.5× 0.3 cm. Histological examination gave the diagnosis of HO, which was also confirmed by immunohistochemical stainings for vimentin. Recurrence was not found in this case by clinical and radiologic follow-up at 1 year after surgery.     

树脂透明牙模型用于根管治疗操作训练的效果评价

目的 评价在根管治疗术的临床前探作训练中树脂透明牙模型的作用和效果。方法 在北大口腔医学专业牙体牙艇病学临床前教学中，选取46名学生用树脂透明牙作为根管治疗术的学具，每人均做上第一磨牙和上中切牙共184个根管，分别按设计模式进行直视探作和盲探作两种练习。问卷调查学生的学习效果。进行统计学分析。结果 ①直视下完成根管预备和充填，学生能够直观地了解根管的形态和分布，对于学生掌握探作器械到达的位置、操作手法的应用，以及操作效果的评价和探作缺陷的认知显示了极大优势。②先做盲预备再用透明牙直视下预备，可令学生加深理解一些关键的探作步骤。结论 树脂透明牙模型用于根管治疗的临床前探作训练具有直观的优点，使操作者更易于掌握根管治疗的探作要领，先盲预备后直视预备可获得更佳的学习效果。     

颈动脉体瘤的手术治疗——附10例临床分析

目的：总结10例11侧颈动脉体瘤的手术经验。方法：术前9例做数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查，其中3例行暂时性球囊阻断试验（TBO）；10例10侧行颈动脉压迫训练（Matas试验）。术中9例9侧先在局麻下阻断颈总动脉30min，边手术边观察患者反应，再改为全麻下手术；单纯瘤体剥除5侧，行瘤体合并颈动脉分权切除的6侧中，颈动脉修补1例、颈动脉重建2例、结扎颈总和颈内动脉3例。结果：随访1～20a，无复发和死亡病例。1例双侧颈动脉体瘤患者右侧术后当天出现左侧偏瘫，1a内恢复；左侧肿瘤术后，患者血压、心率波动过大，给予可乐定等药物治疗．2周后趋于稳定。其余病例术后经过平稳。结论：术前对大脑侧支循环进行综合评估，合理运用Matas试验，尽量选择单纯瘤体剥除，颈动脉缺损时尽可能即刻行修补或重建，术后采取针对防治脑梗死的措施等．是围术期必须认真对待的问题。